John I, Duke of Brittany

John I
Duke of Brittany
Reign	21 October 1221 - 8 October 1286
Predecessor	Peter I & Alix
Successor	John II
Regent	Peter I
Earl of Richmond
Reign	1268
Predecessor	Peter of Savoy
Successor	John II
Spouse	Blanche of Navarre
Among Others Issue
John II Peter, Lord of Hade Alix, Countess of Blois
House	House of Dreux
Father	Peter I
Mother	Alix
Born	c. 1217/18
Died	8 October 1286 Château de l'Isle
Burial	Prières Abbey
Religion	Roman Catholicism

John I the Red (in Breton Yann Iañ ar Ruz, in French Jean I le Roux) (1217 – October 8, 1286), known as John the Red due to the colour of his beard, was Duke of Brittany, from 1237 to his death. He was son of Duke Peter I and Alix of Thouars, heiress of the duchy.

Contents 1 Life 2 Marriage and issue 3 Ancestry 4 References 5 See also

Life

John was nominal duke from 1221, date of his mother’s death, although his father ruled as regent until he reached adulthood.

He experienced a number of conflicts with the Bishop of Nantes and the Breton clergy. In 1240, he issued an edict expelling Jews from the duchy and cancelling all debts to them.^[1] He joined Louis IX of France in the Eighth Crusade (1270), and survived the plague that killed the king. The duchy of Brittany experienced a century of peace, beginning with John I and ending with Duke John III's reign in 1341.^[2]

Marriage and issue

In 1236 John married Infanta Blanche, daughter of King Theobald I of Navarre.^[3] They had the following surviving issue:

• John II, Duke of Brittany, married Beatrice of England and had issue
• Peter of Brittany, Lord of Hade
• Alix of Brittany, Dame de Pontarcy, married John of Châtillon, Count of Blois
• Theobald (1245–1256)
• Theobald (died soon after birth)
• Eleanor (1248)
• Nicolas of Brittany (1249–1261)
• Robert (1251–1259)

Ancestry

Ancestors of John I, Duke of Brittany

16. Louis VI of France               8. Robert I of Dreux                       17. Adélaide de Maurienne               4. Robert II of Dreux                             18. Guy de Baudement               9. Agnes de Baudemont, countess of Braine                       19. Alix, Dame de Braine               2. Peter I, Duke of Brittany                                   20. Enguerrand II, Lord of Coucy               10. Ralph I, Lord of Coucy                       21. Agnes de Baugency               5. Yolande de Coucy                             22. Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut               11. Agnes of Hainaut                       23. Alice of Namur               1. John I, Duke of Brittany                                         24. Aimery V, Viscount of Thouars               12. Geoffroy IV, Viscount of Thouars                       25. Agnes of Aquitaine               6. Guy of Thouars                             26. Hugh VII of Lusignan               13. Aimée de Lusignan                       27. Saracena de Lezay               3. Alix of Thouars                                   28. Alan, 1st Earl of Richmond               14. Conan IV, Duke of Brittany                       29. Bertha, Duchess of Brittany               7. Constance, Duchess of Brittany                             30. Henry of Scotland               15. Margaret of Huntingdon                       31. Ada de Warenne

References

See also

• Dukes of Brittany family tree

Regnal titles
Preceded by Alix and Peter I	Duke of Brittany 1237–1286	Succeeded by John II
Peerage of England
Preceded by Peter of Savoy	Earl of Richmond 1268	Succeeded by John II

Rulers of Brittany Early monarchs c.818–913 Waroch · Judicael ap Hoel · Morman · Wihomarc · Nominoe · Erispoe · Salomon · Pasquitan  · Gurvand  · Judicael · Alan I · Gourmaelon House of Nantes 938–958 Alan II (938–952) · Drogo (952–958)  · Hoel I (960–981) · Guerech (981-988) · Alan (III) (988-990) House of Rennes 958–1072 Conan I (958–992) · Geoffrey I (992–1008) · Alan III (1008–1040) · Odo I (1008–1034) · Conan II (1040–1066) · Hawise (1066–1072) · with Hoel II (1066–1072) House of Cornouaille 1072–1156 Alan IV (1072–1112) · Conan III (1112–1148) · Bertha (1148–1156) · with Odo II (1148–1156) House of Penthièvre 1156–1194 Conan IV (1156–1171) · Constance (1171–1194) · with Geoffrey II (1181–1186), · later Ranulph (1188–1194) House of Plantagenet 1194–1203 Arthur I (1194–1203) House of Thouars 1203–1221 Alix (1203-1221) · with Peter I (1213-1221) House of Dreux 1221–1364 John I (1221-1286) · John II (1286–1305) · Arthur II (1305–1312) · John III (1312–1341) · Joan (1341–1364) · with Charles I (1341–1364) House of Montfort 1341/65–1514 John IV (1341-1345) · John V (1345/65-1399) · John VI (1399–1442) · Francis I (1442–1450) · Peter II (1450–1457) · Arthur III (1457–1458) · Francis II (1458–1488) · Anne (1488–1514) · with Charles II (1491–1498), · later Louis I (1499–1514) House of Valois 1514–1547 Claude (1514–1524) · with Francis (1514–1524)  · Francis III (1524–1536) · Henry (1536–1547) Courtesy title 1547-present Louis de France (1704-1705)  · Louis de France (1707–1712) · Francis de Bourbon (1973–1984)

Persondata
Name	John I, Duke Of Brittany
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1217
Place of birth
Date of death	8 October 1286
Place of death	Château de l'Isle